Which of the following is categorized as a progressive disability?

Dementia is categorized as a progressive disability because it involves a gradual decline in cognitive function, impacting memory, thinking, and social abilities. This progression occurs over time, which distinguishes it from other conditions that may be stable or acute. In dementia, the symptoms typically worsen, leading to increased dependence on caregivers and a decline in the individual's ability to perform daily activities. This progressive nature necessitates ongoing support and interventions that adapt to the changing needs of the individual.

In contrast, conditions like cancer may progress but can also be treated or managed in ways that stabilize a patient’s health temporarily. Spina bifida, while it has lifelong effects, does not inherently worsen over time in the same way dementia does. Congenital disabilities result from conditions present at birth, and while they can vary in severity, they do not exhibit the same progressive decline characteristic of dementia.