Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with Down syndrome?

Diabetes is not commonly associated with Down syndrome, which is why this choice is the correct answer. Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher prevalence of certain medical conditions, such as hearing problems, hypothyroidism, and distinctive physical characteristics like short necks.

Hearing problems are frequent in individuals with Down syndrome due to factors such as ear shape, increased risk of ear infections, and abnormalities in the auditory system. Hypothyroidism is also a notable concern, as thyroid dysfunction occurs at a higher rate among this population, often requiring regular monitoring and management. Furthermore, individuals with Down syndrome often display unique physical traits, including shorter necks, which are part of the characteristic features of the condition.

While people with Down syndrome can develop diabetes just like the general population, it is not a specific or common health issue associated with the condition itself. Thus, it distinguishes itself from the other options listed.