Which condition involves the neural tube not closing completely during fetal development?

Spina bifida is a condition that occurs when the neural tube, which forms the spine and surrounding tissues, does not close completely during fetal development. This failure of closure can lead to a range of physical and neurological issues depending on the severity and location of the defect. In spina bifida, there may be varying degrees of impairment, from minor symptoms to significant disability, and the condition can also result in other complications such as mobility issues, loss of sensation, and problems with bladder and bowel function. This is distinct from the other conditions listed, which are unrelated to neural tube development. Muscular dystrophy primarily involves muscle degeneration, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems, and epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, none of which are directly linked to the closure of the neural tube.