What does code-switching refer to in bilingual communication?

Code-switching refers to the practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse. This phenomenon often occurs in bilingual or multilingual contexts, where speakers may change languages based on the topic, context, or the social dynamics of the conversation. By code-switching, individuals can express themselves more effectively or align with their conversational partner's language preferences or cultural identity. This dynamic reflects the flexibility and adaptability of bilingual speakers in their communication strategies, allowing for enriched dialogue and the blending of linguistic and cultural elements.

The other options do not accurately define code-switching. Learning a new language refers to the acquisition process, while using sign language alone implies a lack of language switching. Focusing on one language does not capture the essential fluidity described by code-switching, which inherently involves movement between multiple languages.