Total communication encompasses which of the following methods?

Total communication is an approach that integrates various communication methods to enhance understanding and interaction among individuals, especially in the context of teaching deaf and hard-of-hearing students. The essence of total communication is to use all available modalities—sign language, oral speech, gestures, body language, written communication, and even visual aids—recognizing that different individuals may have different preferred methods of receiving and expressing information.

By employing multiple communication methods, educators can adapt their strategies to meet the unique needs of each student, effectively bridging the communication gap. This approach promotes inclusivity and allows for a more comprehensive communication experience, facilitating greater language acquisition and collaboration between hearing and deaf individuals.

Therefore, the choice that defines total communication as incorporating multiple communication methods, including both sign language and oral speech, accurately represents the philosophy behind this approach.